1403. So the four requirements in the last paragraph of P4 are there to prevent “disqualifying visual effects”?

Yes.

Without all four of those requirements, it would be easy to make photographs that (referencing #1401)

A. “depict more than one scene”; or

B. “depict a scene that never occurred”; or

C. “depict the scene in a way that would fail to meet rinairs.”

To be specific:

The four requirements in the last paragraph of P4 each address potential visual effects that would disqualify the photograph from P4’s “one scene” requirement:

1. sasibe issues occur when long exposures are used to record moving objects.

2. satode disqualifications are most likely to occur

• on smartphones when different facial expressions or poses are pulled from different exposures into one image; and

• on standalone cameras when combined or long exposures are used to record fireworks, lightning, and other “bright lights in dark surroundings.”

3. ghost objects occur when things move to different positions during exposure but do not exhibit standard motion blur (often because they come to rest after moving before the exposure ends).

4. SMP effects occur when multiple short exposures (or multiple short bursts of strobe light) are used to record a scene with movement in it.